Viceroyalty of Peru

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/></div><div class="mw-jump" id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#column-one" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#column-one"><font color="#0066cc">navigation</font></a>, <a data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#searchInput" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#searchInput"><font color="#0066cc">search</font></a></div><!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%20start%20content%20%2D%2D%3E--><div class="mw-content-ltr" id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove cke_show_border" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><a class="image" target="_blank" data-cke-saved-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg"><img width="50" height="39" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a title="Wikipedia:Verifiability" target="_blank" data-cke-saved-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability"><font color="#0066cc">verification</font></a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" rel="nofollow" data-cke-saved-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?title=Viceroyalty_of_Peru&amp;action=edit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?title=Viceroyalty_of_Peru&amp;action=edit"><font color="#0066cc">improve this article</font></a> by <a title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1" target="_blank" data-cke-saved-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1"><font color="#0066cc">adding citations to reliable sources</font></a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small><i><font size="2">(January 2010)</font></i></small></span></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="infobox geography vcard vevent cke_show_border" style="width: 290px;"><tbody><tr><td align="center" class="mergedtoprow fn org summary" style="line-height: 1.2em;" colspan="3"><b>Viceroyalty of Peru<br /><small><font size="4">Virreinato del Perú</font></small></b></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" colspan="3"><a title="Viceroyalty" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Viceroyalty</font></a> of <a title="Crown of Castile" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Crown_of_Castile?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Crown_of_Castile?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Castile</font></a> (<a title="Spanish Empire" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_Empire?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_Empire?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Spanish Empire</font></a>)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0.2em 0em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid;" colspan="3"><table width="100%" style="background: none; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;" class=" cke_show_border"><tbody><tr><td width="50" style="border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; line-height: 105%; vertical-align: middle;"><a data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#before-after" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#before-after"><font color="#0066cc" size="3">↓</font></a></td><td style="border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><b>1542–1824</b></td><td width="50" style="border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: right; line-height: 105%; vertical-align: middle;"><a data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#before-after" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#before-after"><font color="#0066cc" size="3">↓</font></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td align="center" class="maptable" colspan="3"><p><a title="File:Flag of New Spain.svg" class="new" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg"><font color="#0066cc">Flag of Peru</font></a><br /><a title="Cross of Burgundy Flag" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Cross_of_Burgundy_Flag?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Cross_of_Burgundy_Flag?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Cross of Burgundy (Flag of the Viceroyalty of Peru)</font></a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="3"><b>Motto</b><br /><a title="Plus ultra (motto)" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Plus_ultra_(motto)?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Plus_ultra_(motto)?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Plus Ultra</font></a> <small><font size="2">(</font><a title="Latin language" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Latin_language?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Latin_language?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc" size="2">Latin</font></a><font size="2">)</font></small><br />"Further Beyond"</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%; vertical-align: top;" colspan="3"><b>Anthem</b><br /><a title="Marcha Real" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Marcha_Real?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Marcha_Real?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Marcha Real</font></a> <small><font size="2">(</font><a title="Spanish language" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_language?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_language?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc" size="2">Spanish</font></a><font size="2">)</font></small><br />"Royal March"</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0.6em 0em; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" colspan="3"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a title="Location of Peru" class="image" target="_blank" data-cke-saved-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colonial_Peru.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colonial_Peru.svg"><img width="250" height="127" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Colonial_Peru.svg/250px-Colonial_Peru.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Colonial_Peru.svg/375px-Colonial_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Colonial_Peru.svg/500px-Colonial_Peru.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Colonial_Peru.svg/250px-Colonial_Peru.svg.png" /></a></div></div><div style="padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0px; line-height: 1.25em; font-size: 90%;">Location of the Viceroyalty of Peru: Initial territory 1542 - 1718 (light green) and final <i>de jure</i> territory 1718 - 1824 (dark green)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><b>Capital</b></td><td width="50%"><a title="Lima" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Lima?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Lima?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Lima</font></a><br /><a title="Cuzco" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Cuzco?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Cuzco?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Cuzco</font></a> <small><font size="2">(1821 - 1824)</font></small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><b>Languages</b></td><td>Official: Spanish (<i><a title="De facto" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/De_facto?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/De_facto?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">de facto</font></a></i>); common: <a title="Quechua languages" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Quechua_languages?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Quechua_languages?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Quechua</font></a>, <a title="Kichwa" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Kichwa?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Kichwa?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Kichwa</font></a>, <a title="Aymara language" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Aymara_language?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Aymara_language?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Aymara</font></a>, <a title="Puquina" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Puquina?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Puquina?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Puquina</font></a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><b>Religion</b></td><td><a title="Roman Catholic" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Roman_Catholic?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Roman_Catholic?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Roman Catholic</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b>Government</b></td><td><a title="Monarchy" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Monarchy?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Monarchy?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Monarchy</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2"><b><a title="List of Spanish monarchs" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">King</font></a></b></td><td><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px;">1542 - 1566</td><td><a title="Charles I of Spain" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Charles_I_of_Spain?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Charles_I_of_Spain?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Charles I of Spain</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px;">1813 - 1824</td><td><a title="Ferdinand VII of Spain" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Ferdinand VII</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2"><b><a title="List of Viceroys of Peru" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/List_of_Viceroys_of_Peru?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/List_of_Viceroys_of_Peru?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Viceroy</font></a></b></td><td><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px;">1544 - 1546</td><td><a title="Blasco Núñez Vela" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Blasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Vela?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Blasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Vela?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Blasco Núñez Vela</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0px;">1821 - 1824</td><td><a title="José de la Serna e Hinojosa" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_la_Serna_e_Hinojosa?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_la_Serna_e_Hinojosa?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">José de la Serna e Hinojosa</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b>Historical era</b></td><td><a title="Spanish Empire" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_Empire?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_Empire?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Spanish Empire</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0em;">Established</td><td style="vertical-align: bottom;">1542</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0em;"><a title="Vilcabamba, Peru" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Vilcabamba,_Peru?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Vilcabamba,_Peru?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Vilcabamba</font></a></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom;">1572</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0em;"><a title="Viceroyalty of New Granada" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">New Granada</font></a></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom;">1717</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0em;"><a title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Río de la Plata</font></a></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom;">1776</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0em;"><a title="Peruvian War of Independence" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peruvian_War_of_Independence?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peruvian_War_of_Independence?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Peruvian Declaration of Independence</font></a></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom;">July 28, 1821</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.6em; width: 1em;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;</td><td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0em;"><a title="Battle of Ayacucho" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Battle_of_Ayacucho?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Battle_of_Ayacucho?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Battle of Ayacucho</font></a></td><td style="vertical-align: bottom;">December 9, 1824</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><b>Currency</b></td><td><a title="Peso" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peso?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peso?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Peso</font></a><br /><a title="Spanish colonial real" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Spanish Real</font></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="3"><table width="95%" style="background: none; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;" class=" cke_show_border"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div id="before-after"><br /></div><b>Preceded by</b></td><td align="center" style="border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; padding-bottom: 0px;"><b>Succeeded by</b></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top" style="border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none;"><table width="100%" style="background: none; margin: 0px auto; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: center;" class=" cke_show_border"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><img width="20" height="20" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg/20px-Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg/30px-Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg/40px-Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg/20px-Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg.png" /></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Vilcabamba, Peru" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Vilcabamba,_Peru?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Vilcabamba,_Peru?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Vilcabamba, Peru</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="File:Flag of New Spain.svg" class="new" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg"><font color="#0066cc">20px</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Governorate of New Castile" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Castile?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Castile?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Governorate of New Castile</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="File:Flag of New Spain.svg" class="new" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg"><font color="#0066cc">20px</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Governorate of New Toledo" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Toledo?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Toledo?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Governorate of New Toledo</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="File:Flag of New Spain.svg" class="new" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg"><font color="#0066cc">20px</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Province of Tierra Firme" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Province_of_Tierra_Firme?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Province_of_Tierra_Firme?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Province of Tierra Firme</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="File:Flag of New Spain.svg" class="new" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki?title=Special:Upload&amp;wpDestFile=Flag_of_New_Spain.svg"><font color="#0066cc">20px</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Governorate of New Andalusia" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Governorate of New Andalusia</font></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none;"><table width="92%" style="background: none; margin: 0px auto; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: center;" class=" cke_show_border"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Rio_de_la_Plata?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Rio_de_la_Plata?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#0066cc"><u><img width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" /></u></font></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Viceroyalty of New Granada" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Viceroyalty of New Granada</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#0066cc"><u><img width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" /></u></font></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Peru" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peru?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peru?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Peru</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#0066cc"><u><img width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Peru_%281821_-_1822%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Peru_%281821_-_1822%29.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Peru_%281821_-_1822%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Peru_%281821_-_1822%29.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Peru_%281821_-_1822%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Peru_%281821_-_1822%29.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Peru_%281821_-_1822%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Peru_%281821_-_1822%29.svg.png" /></u></font></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Free Province of Guayaquil" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Free_Province_of_Guayaquil?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Free_Province_of_Guayaquil?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Free Province of Guayaquil</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#0066cc"><u><img width="20" height="11" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bandera_de_la_Provincia_Libre_de_Guayaquil.svg/20px-Bandera_de_la_Provincia_Libre_de_Guayaquil.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bandera_de_la_Provincia_Libre_de_Guayaquil.svg/30px-Bandera_de_la_Provincia_Libre_de_Guayaquil.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bandera_de_la_Provincia_Libre_de_Guayaquil.svg/40px-Bandera_de_la_Provincia_Libre_de_Guayaquil.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bandera_de_la_Provincia_Libre_de_Guayaquil.svg/20px-Bandera_de_la_Provincia_Libre_de_Guayaquil.svg.png" /></u></font></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a title="Chile" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Chile?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Chile?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Chile</font></a></td><td style="padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; border-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/20px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/20px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" /></font></u></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><b>Today part of</b></td><td><br /><span class="flagicon"><img width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" />&nbsp;</span><a title="Argentina" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Argentina?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Argentina?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Argentina</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Bolivia" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Bolivia?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Bolivia?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Bolivia</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Brazil" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Brazil?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Brazil?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Brazil</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Chile" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Chile?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Chile?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Chile</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Colombia" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Colombia?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Colombia?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Colombia</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Costa Rica" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Costa_Rica?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Costa_Rica?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Costa Rica</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Ecuador" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ecuador?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ecuador?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Ecuador</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Falkland Islands" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Falkland_Islands?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Falkland_Islands?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Falkland Islands</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="French Guiana" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/French_Guiana?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/French_Guiana?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">French Guiana</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Guyana" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Guyana?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Guyana?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Guyana</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Panama" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Panama?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Panama?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Panama</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Paraguay" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Paraguay?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Paraguay?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Paraguay</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Peru" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peru?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peru?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Peru</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Suriname" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Suriname?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Suriname?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Suriname</font></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><u><font color="#0066cc"><img width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" alt="" data-cke-saved-src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" srcset="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" src="http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" /></font></u>&nbsp;</span><a title="Uruguay" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Uruguay?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Uruguay?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Uruguay</font></a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <b>Viceroyalty of Peru</b> (Spanish: <span lang="es" xml:lang="es"><i>Virreinato del Perú</i></span>) was a <a title="Monarchy of Spain" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Spanish</font></a> colonial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained most of <a title="Spanish Empire" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_Empire?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Spanish_Empire?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Spanish-ruled</font></a> South America, governed from the capital of <a title="Lima" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Lima?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Lima?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Lima</font></a>. The Viceroyalty of Peru was one of the two Spanish <a title="Viceroy" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroy?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroy?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Viceroyalties</font></a> in the Americas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.</p><p>However, the Spanish did not resist the <a title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Portuguese expansion of Brazil</font></a> across the meridian. The <a title="Treaty of Tordesillas" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Treaty of Tordesillas</font></a> was rendered meaningless between 1580 and 1640 while <a title="Iberian Union" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Iberian_Union?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Iberian_Union?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Spain controlled Portugal</font></a>. The creation of Viceroyalties of <a title="Viceroyalty of New Granada" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">New Granada</font></a> and <a title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Rio de la Plata</font></a> (at the expense of Peru's territory) reduced the importance of Lima and shifted the lucrative <a title="Andean" class="mw-redirect" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Andean?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Andean?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Andean</font></a> trade to <a title="Buenos Aires" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Buenos_Aires?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Buenos_Aires?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Buenos Aires</font></a>, while the fall of the mining and textile production accelerated the progressive decay of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Eventually, the viceroyalty would dissolve, as with much of the Spanish empire, when challenged by national independence movements at the beginning of the nineteenth century. These movements led to the formation of the modern-day countries of <a title="Peru" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peru?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Peru?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Peru</font></a>, <a title="Chile" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Chile?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Chile?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Chile</font></a>, <a title="Colombia" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Colombia?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Colombia?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Colombia</font></a>, <a title="Panama" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Panama?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Panama?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Panama</font></a>, <a title="Ecuador" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ecuador?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ecuador?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Ecuador</font></a>, <a title="Bolivia" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Bolivia?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Bolivia?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Bolivia</font></a>, <a title="Paraguay" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Paraguay?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Paraguay?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Paraguay</font></a>, <a title="Uruguay" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Uruguay?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Uruguay?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Uruguay</font></a>, <a title="Argentina" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Argentina?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Argentina?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Argentina</font></a>, <a title="Guyana" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Guyana?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Guyana?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Guyana</font></a> and <a title="Trinidad and Tobago" data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago?qsrc=3044" href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago?qsrc=3044"><font color="#0066cc">Trinidad and Tobago</font></a> in the territories that at one point or another had constituted the Viceroyalty of Peru.</p><p><br /></p><div class="toc" id="toc"><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a data-cke-saved-href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru?o=2800&amp;qsrc=999&amp;ad=doubleDown&amp;an=apn&amp;ap=ask.com#History"